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The state of human rights in Qatar is a concern for several non-governmental organizations. Sharia law is the main source of Qatari legislation according to Qatar's Constitution.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.almeezan.qa/LawArticles.aspx?LawArticleID=25754&LawId=2284&language=en )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=9626 )〕 Flogging and stoning are legal in Qatar due to Sharia law. According to Human Rights Watch in June 2012 hundreds of thousands of mostly South Asian migrant workers in construction in Qatar risk serious exploitation and abuse, sometimes amounting to forced labor.〔(Qatar: Migrant Construction Workers Face Abuse ) Human Rights Watch June 12, 2012〕 ==Sharia Law== Sharia law is the main source of Qatari legislation according to Qatar's Constitution.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.almeezan.qa/LawArticles.aspx?LawArticleID=25754&LawId=2284&language=en )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=9626 )〕 Sharia law is applied to laws pertaining to family law, inheritance, and several criminal acts (including adultery, robbery and murder). In some cases in Sharia-based family courts, a female's testimony is worth half a man's and in some cases a female witness is not accepted at all.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.unicef.org/gender/files/Qatar-Gender-Eqaulity-Profile-2011.pdf )〕 Codified family law was introduced in 2006. In practice, Qatar's legal system is a mixture of civil law and Islamic law.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=U.S. Central Intelligence Agency )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Qatar )〕 Flogging is used in Qatar as a punishment for alcohol consumption or illicit sexual relations.〔 Article 88 of Qatar's criminal code declares the punishment for adultery is 100 lashes.〔 Adultery is punishable by death when a Muslim woman and a non-Muslim man are involved.〔 In 2006, a Filipino woman was sentenced to 100 lashes for adultery. In 2010, at least 18 people (mostly foreign nationals) were sentenced to flogging of between 40 and 100 lashes for offences related to “illicit sexual relations” or alcohol consumption.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/research/reports/annual-report-qatar-2010?page=2 )〕 In 2011, at least 21 people (mostly foreign nationals) were sentenced to floggings of between 30 and 100 lashes for offences related to “illicit sexual relations” or alcohol consumption.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/research/reports/annual-report-qatar-2010?page=2 )〕 In 2012, six expatriates were sentenced to floggings of either 40 or 100 lashes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/4fbe391669.html )〕 Only Muslims considered medically fit were liable to have such sentences carried out. It is unknown if the sentences were implemented. More recently in April 2013, a Muslim expatriate was sentenced to 40 lashes for alcohol consumption.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/qatar-sentences-man-40-lashes-for-drinking-alcohol-498986.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/15593 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/04/22/Qatar-to-lash-Muslim-barber-over-drinking-alcohol-.html )〕 In June 2014, a Muslim expatriate was sentenced to 40 lashes for consuming alcohol and driving under the influence.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/indian-expat-sentenced-40-lashes-in-qatar-for-drink-driving-552601.html )〕 Judicial corporal punishment is common in Qatar due to the Hanbali interpretation of Sharia Law. Stoning is a legal punishment in Qatar. Apostasy is a crime punishable by the death penalty in Qatar. Blasphemy is punishable by up to seven years in prison and proselytizing can be punished by up to 10 years in prison.〔 Homosexuality is a crime punishable by the death penalty for Muslims. Alcohol consumption is partially legal in Qatar, some five-star luxury hotels are allowed to sell alcohol to their non-Muslim customers. Muslims are not allowed to consume alcohol in Qatar and Muslims caught consuming alcohol are liable to flogging or deportation. Non-Muslim expatriates can obtain a permit to purchase alcohol for personal consumption. The Qatar Distribution Company (a subsidiary of Qatar Airways) is permitted to import alcohol and pork; it operates the one and only liquor store in the country, which also sells pork to holders of liquor licences. Qatari officials have also indicated a willingness to allow alcohol in "fan zones" at the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Until recently, restaurants on the Pearl-Qatar (a man-made island near Doha) were allowed to serve alcoholic drinks.〔〔 In December 2011, however, restaurants on the Pearl were told to stop selling alcohol.〔 No explanation was given for the ban.〔〔 Speculation about the reason includes the government's desire to project a more pious image in advance of the country's first election of a royal advisory body and rumours of a financial dispute between the government and the resort's developers.〔 In 2014, Qatar launched a modesty campaign to remind tourists of the modest dress code.〕 Female tourists are advised not to wear leggings, miniskirts, sleeveless dresses and short or tight clothing in public. Men are advised against wearing only shorts and singlets.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Qatar Bans Tourists from Wearing Leggings in Public )〕 As of 2014, certain provisions of the Qatari Criminal Code allows punishments such as flogging and stoning to be imposed as criminal sanctions. The UN Committee Against Torture found that these practices constituted a breach of the obligations imposed by the UN Convention Against Torture. Qatar retains the death penalty, mainly for threats against national security. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Human rights in Qatar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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